3D in-camera multiple exposures on film. For the full effect, view images with red/cyan anaglyph glasses. These images were created during the Spirit Level V workshop with Arno Rafael Minkkinen and Sally Mann.

A 3D image is made from two photographs combined into one.^† Each is taken from a slightly different position, roughly 2.5 inches apart (about the distance between human eyes). This mimics the way our eyes work together, each seeing a slightly different perspective of the same scene.

There are different methods for creating 3D images. Here I'm using the red/cyan anaglyph method. One image is shifted toward red tones, the other toward cyan, and the two are layered together slightly offset.

When viewed with red/cyan glasses, each lens filters part of the image, so each eye sees only one version of the image (red or cyan). The brain combines these into a single image with depth.

The sense of depth doesn't exist in the image itself. It only exists when the viewer’s brain combines the two perspectives. Without you, dear viewer, my work is incomplete.

^†Each of these final images is composed of four exposures layered onto the same frame: two images for the 3D effect, each one made as a double exposure.